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TaeKwonDo is a Korean martial art. TaeKwonDo was developed during the 1940s and 1950s by various Korean martial artists by combining and incorporating the elements of Karate and Chinese martial arts along with the indegenous Korean fighting styles of taekkyeon, gwonbeop and subak.
The oldest governing body of TaeKwonDo is the Korea TaeKwonDo Association (KTA), formed in 1976 by a collabortive effort by representatives from the nine original kwans, or martial arts schools, in Korea. The main international organizational bodies for TaeKwonDo today are the International TaeKwon-Do Federation (ITF), founded by General Choi Hong Hi in 1966, and the World TaeKwonDo Federation (WTF),(now called World Taekwondo), founded in 1973 by the KTA. Kyorugi, a type of full-contact sparring, has been an Olympic event since 1992. The body known for TaeKwonDo in the Olympics is World TaeKwonDo .
Taekwondo is characterized by its emphasis on head-height kicks, jumping and spinning kicks, and fast kicking techniques. In fact, World Taekwondo Federation sparring competitions award additional points for strikes that incorporate jumping and spinning kicks. To facilitate fast, turning kicks, taekwondo generally adopts stances that are narrower and hence less-stable than the broader, wide stances used by martial arts such as karate. The tradeoff of decreased stability is believed to be worth the commensurate increase in agility, particularly in Kukkiwon-style taekwondo.
Development of personal success and leadership Skills.
A focus on mental and ethical discipline, etiquette, justice, respect and self-control
Learning the fundamental techniques of TaeKwonDo; these generally include kicks, blocks, punches, and strikes, with somewhat less emphasis on grappling and holds.
Throwing and/or falling techniques.
Both anaerobic and aerobic workout, including stretching.
Self-defense techniques.
Forms (called poomsae) these serve the same function as kata in the study of karate.
Sparring (called kyorugi) - sparring includes variations such as free-style sparring (in which competitors spar without interruption for several minutes) and 1-step sparring (in which students practice pre-arranged sparring combinations).
Breaking - the breaking of boards is used for testing, training and martial arts demonstrations.
Relaxation and meditation exercises, as well as breathing control.
Examinations to progress to the next rank.
The system is summarized in its kata, and the specific techniques used to punch (vertical fist) and kick (snapping kicks) presented as upper and lower 'charts', most of which are thrown from natural stances and body posture. In many of the various forms of the system, sixteen kata (eight empty-hand, three bo, two sai, a bo-bo kumite kata, a bo-sai kumite kata and one tuifa kata) are agreed upon as composing Isshin-ryu. These kata include original developments of the Master, and inherited kata from the parent styles.
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